ISRO's big missions in every PM's era

ISRO's big missions in every PM's era

In 1963 India's first rocket was launched from Thumba, a small village in Kerala. Today India has reached the Moon, Mars and the Sun. This journey belongs to no single government; it is the result of decades of effort and the dedication of scientists.

The beginning: Nehru and Indira Gandhi

The Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was formed in 1962, and the first rocket was launched from Thumba in 1963. ISRO was founded in 1969. India's first satellite, Aryabhata, went into space in 1975. In 1980 the SLV-3 rocket launched the Rohini satellite, India's first satellite on its own rocket. In 1984 Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian in space.

A strong foundation: 1979 to 2001

The Bhaskara-1 satellite was launched in 1979 under the Morarji Desai government. In 1988, under Rajiv Gandhi, the first remote sensing satellite IRS-1A went up. In 1994, under Narasimha Rao, the PSLV had its first successful flight; it went on to become ISRO's most reliable rocket. In 2001, under Vajpayee, the GSLV made its first flight.

Moon and Mars: 2008 to today

In 2008 Chandrayaan-1 found evidence of water on the Moon. It was announced by Vajpayee in 2003 and launched under the Manmohan Singh government. Mangalyaan was launched in 2013 under Manmohan Singh and reached Mars orbit on its first attempt in 2014 under the Modi government. In 2017 ISRO set a record by launching 104 satellites on a single rocket. In 2023 Chandrayaan-3 landed near the Moon's south pole, and the Aditya-L1 mission to study the Sun was launched. In 2025 the SpaDeX mission achieved docking of two satellites in space, and Shubhanshu Shukla reached the International Space Station (ISS).

What next?

Gaganyaan, India's first human spaceflight mission, is in preparation. Its first uncrewed test is expected by the end of 2026. After that India will become a country that sends its own astronauts into space on its own rocket.

Why this matters

Space technology is not only about prestige. Satellites help with weather forecasting, disaster warnings, communication, navigation and crop monitoring, and they touch the daily lives of millions of people.

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